Which type of ion is referred to as a cation?

A cation is defined as a positively charged ion, which occurs when an atom loses one or more electrons. The loss of negatively charged electrons results in an overall positive charge because protons, which are positively charged, remain unchanged in number. This charge distinction is essential in various chemical reactions and interactions, particularly in the context of acids, bases, and salts. For example, sodium (Na) can lose one electron to become Na+, which is a common cation found in salt.

The other types of ions mentioned do not fit this definition. A negatively charged ion is referred to as an anion, while an ion with no charge is considered a neutral atom. Additionally, an ion that has gained electrons is also an anion, which contrasts with the characteristics of cations. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing the behavior and interactions of different ions in chemical and biological systems.