Which reproduction method results in new individuals from a part of the parent organism?

Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism can reproduce by breaking off a part of its body, which then develops into a new individual. This process allows the parent organism to regenerate lost body parts while simultaneously producing offspring.

In many species, such as starfish and certain types of worms, a portion of the parent can detach and grow into a complete, independent organism. This method is advantageous because it enables rapid population increase under favorable conditions without the need for mating.

The other methods listed do not involve producing new individuals from a part of the parent organism in the same way. Fertilization involves the union of gametes from two parents, binary fission is a simple division of a single organism into two identical parts, and conjugation typically refers to a process where genetic material is exchanged between two organisms rather than the formation of new individuals from fragments.