Which of the following is NOT a common type of asexual reproduction?

Fertilization is not a form of asexual reproduction; rather, it is a key process in sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, fertilization involves the union of male and female gametes (sperm and eggs), leading to the formation of a zygote that develops into a new organism. This process introduces genetic variation, as the offspring inherit traits from both parents.

In contrast, the other options listed—binary fission, budding, and parthenogenesis—are all forms of asexual reproduction. Binary fission is a method commonly seen in unicellular organisms like bacteria, where the organism replicates its genetic material and divides into two identical cells. Budding, often observed in organisms like yeast and hydra, involves a new organism developing from an outgrowth or bud on the parent. Parthenogenesis allows offspring to develop from an unfertilized egg, seen in some reptiles and insects, which enables reproduction without the need for fertilization.

Thus, fertilization stands apart as a hallmark of sexual reproduction rather than an asexual method, affirming why it is the correct answer to the question.