Which of the following characteristics defines territorial aggression?

Territorial aggression is specifically characterized by the behavior of an animal defending a particular area or resource that it considers its own. This type of aggression is instinctual and typically arises when an animal perceives a threat to its territory from intruders. Such territory can include a physical space, such as a specific part of the yard or home environment, or it can involve resources like food, mates, or nesting sites.

By focusing on the protection of a defined area or resource, the correct answer illustrates the essence of territorial behavior, which is often a natural response to ensure survival and reproductive success. In contrast, dominance behavior, random attacks, or seeking companionship do not pertain specifically to the guarding of territory but reflect different motivations and behavioral contexts in animals.