Which component of a cell contains the genetic material?

The nucleus is the component of a cell that contains the genetic material. This organelle houses the cell's DNA, which is organized into chromosomes. The genetic material within the nucleus is crucial for regulating cell activities, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The DNA carried in the nucleus serves as the blueprint for the synthesis of proteins and is responsible for heredity, allowing traits to be passed from one generation to the next.

The cytoplasm refers to the gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains various organelles, but it does not house the genetic material. The plasma membrane and cell membrane refer to the outer layers that surround and protect the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out, but they do not contain genetic material either. Therefore, the nucleus is uniquely positioned as the repository of genetic information, making it the correct answer.