Where does photosynthesis occur in plant and algae cells?

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles found in plant and algal cells. These structures contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy, which is essential for the process of photosynthesis. Within the chloroplasts, light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water. This process not only provides energy for the plant itself but also contributes to the oxygen supply in the atmosphere as a byproduct.

The other organelles mentioned serve different functions: mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration, where energy is produced from glucose; the nucleus houses the cell's genetic material and is crucial for cell regulation; and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids. Thus, while each of these organelles plays a vital role in cellular function, only the chloroplasts are equipped for photosynthesis.