What significant event occurs in Anaphase 2 of meiosis?

Anaphase 2 of meiosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids that have been held together during earlier stages of cell division. In this phase, the sister chromatids are pulled away from each other by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell. This movement is crucial as it ensures that each new gamete will receive an identical set of chromosomes, which is critical for maintaining genetic integrity in the resulting gametes.

During meiosis, there are two divisions: meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes separate, and meiosis II, where the sister chromatids are separated. Anaphase 2 specifically deals with the latter, focusing on the chromatids, which were previously duplicated during interphase.

The other options describe events that occur in either earlier or later phases of meiosis. Homologous chromosomes separating occurs during Anaphase 1, and the division of the cytoplasm into two cells happens during cytokinesis, which follows the completion of meiosis. The alignment of duplicated chromosomes occurs during metaphase, not anaphase. Understanding the specific events of each phase is crucial for mastering the processes involved in meiosis and the overall function in sexual reproduction.