What process is characterized as the decoding of mRNA to produce a protein?

The process referred to as the decoding of mRNA to produce a protein is known as translation. During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons on the messenger RNA (mRNA) to assemble amino acids in the correct order, forming a polypeptide chain that will fold into a functional protein. This stage follows transcription, where mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

Translation involves several key components, including mRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomes. The tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons in mRNA through their anticodons, facilitating the addition of the appropriate amino acids to the growing protein chain.

Overall, translation is essential for protein synthesis, which is vital for various cellular functions and mechanisms in all living organisms. Understanding the distinct stages of genetic expression, including transcription and translation, is critical in the field of veterinary technology and biology.