What is the term for a solution that has a lower concentration of solute than another solution?

The term for a solution that has a lower concentration of solute than another solution is "hypotonic." In biological terms, when comparing two solutions, a hypotonic solution contains less solute and consequently more solvent compared to another solution, often referred to as hypertonic in this context.

When cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cells through osmosis because the concentration of solutes inside the cells is higher than that in the surrounding solution. This movement can lead to the swelling of cells, and in extreme cases, they may burst due to excess water intake.

In contrast, hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentrations, which would draw water out of the cells, leading to cell shrinkage. An isotonic solution contains equal concentrations of solute, ensuring that there is no net movement of water into or out of the cells, maintaining cell shape and function. Equilibrium refers to a state where the concentrations are balanced, but it is not a term used to specifically describe the solute concentration comparison between two solutions. The correct understanding of these terms is essential in various applications, especially in veterinary settings where managing fluid balance is crucial for animal health.