What is the definition of cell proliferation?

Cell proliferation refers specifically to the process of increasing the number of cells through mitotic division. This biological mechanism is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in organisms. During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, thereby increasing the total cell population. This process is fundamental in various physiological contexts, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and the immune response.

The other concepts mentioned—groups of similar cells performing specific functions, the formation of tissues from specialized cells, and the differentiation of stem cells—while related to cellular biology and growth, do not accurately define the specific process of cell proliferation. Understanding the distinct role of cell proliferation highlights its importance in maintaining healthy cell turnover and tissue homeostasis, as well as its implications in pathological conditions such as cancer, where unchecked proliferation occurs.