What is characterized by hereditary information being passed from cell to cell?

The correct choice focuses on cell theory, which encompasses the fundamental understanding that all living organisms are made of cells and that these cells are the basic unit of life. A significant aspect of cell theory is that hereditary information is transmitted from one generation of cells to the next during processes such as cell division. This transmission occurs through the replication of DNA, ensuring that genetic information is consistently passed on, which is crucial for maintaining the characteristics and functions of organisms.

Cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism are all important biological concepts, but they do not specifically highlight the aspect of hereditary information transfer. Cell growth pertains to the increase in cell size and number, cell differentiation involves the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions, and cell metabolism refers to the biochemical processes that occur within cells to maintain life. In contrast, cell theory is foundational in understanding how genetic information is conserved and passed along, making it the most appropriate answer to the question.