What is cell differentiation?

Cell differentiation is the process by which dividing cells develop distinct features that enable them to perform specialized functions in the body. This process is crucial in forming various cell types that make up different tissues and organs, allowing for the complex functionality needed in multicellular organisms.

During differentiation, stem cells or progenitor cells transition into more specialized forms, acquiring unique structures and functions that suit their roles. For instance, a stem cell may differentiate into a neuron, a muscle cell, or a blood cell, each possessing distinct characteristics, shapes, and capabilities necessary for their specific tasks.

The other concepts presented do not accurately encapsulate the essence of cell differentiation. While cells losing their individual characteristics might suggest a transition to a less specialized state, it does not reflect the positive progression toward specialization. The idea that cells evolve to adapt to environmental changes relates more to evolutionary biology rather than the cellular level of differentiation. Additionally, while cells can combine to form tissues, this statement pertains to tissue formation rather than the individual process of differentiation itself.