What is a karyotype?

A karyotype is defined as a visual representation of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell, organized and arranged in a systematic way. This arrangement allows for the identification and evaluation of the number, shape, and size of chromosomes, which is essential for detecting chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders.

In the analysis of a karyotype, chromosomes are typically stained and photographed during the metaphase stage of cell division when they are most condensed and visible. This is crucial in clinical settings for diagnosing various genetic conditions related to an abnormal number of chromosomes, such as Down syndrome, which is associated with an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Understanding a karyotype is fundamental in genetics and cytogenetics, as it provides insights into the chromosomal structure and function of an organism.