What field studies how organisms interact with their environment and other organisms?

The field that studies how organisms interact with their environment and with other organisms is ecology. Ecology explores the relationships between living organisms, including their interactions with both the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of their environment. This can involve studying ecosystems, populations, communities, and the various factors that influence these relationships, such as climate, geography, and resource availability.

In contrast, cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cells, examining the cellular components and their roles in biological processes. Microbiology studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, often in relation to health, disease, and environmental impacts. Systems biology is a more integrative approach that looks at complex biological systems and how various components interact, but it does not specifically center on the interactions between organisms and their environment the way ecology does. Thus, ecology is the correct area of study for understanding the interactions between organisms and their surroundings.