What does the term "asexual reproduction" refer to?

Asexual reproduction refers to a mode of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes, meaning that offspring are produced from a single parent. This method allows for the generation of genetically identical offspring, known as clones, since the genetic material comes solely from one organism. Various organisms, including bacteria, some plants, and certain animals, can reproduce asexually through processes such as budding, fragmentation, or binary fission. This form of reproduction can be advantageous in stable environments where adaptation to changing conditions is less critical.

The other options describe different forms of reproduction or incorrectly limit the context. The idea of involving two parents pertains to sexual reproduction, which is characterized by the combination of genetic material from two individuals. The mention of gametes specifically refers to reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) used in sexual reproduction. The assertion that asexual reproduction occurs only in plants and fungi is misleading, as many other organisms, including various protists and bacteria, also reproduce asexually. Thus, C is the most precise definition of asexual reproduction.