What does the multiplication of species refer to?

The multiplication of species refers to the process by which one species diverges to give rise to new or "daughter" species, contributing to the overall diversity of life. This concept is rooted in the theory of evolution, where speciation occurs through mechanisms such as adaptation to different environments, genetic drift, or reproductive isolation. Over time, these processes can lead to the emergence of new species that are distinct yet related to the original. This explanation of the biological process is crucial to understanding how biodiversity increases and evolves over geological timescales.

The other options do not accurately encompass the concept of the multiplication of species. While some species can indeed become less diverse, this does not describe the active process of speciation. The idea that species evolve solely through extinction overlooks the positive aspect of new species emerging. Additionally, while species can replicate genetically identical individuals, this statement refers to asexual reproduction rather than the process of speciation.