In animal behavior, what does the process of counterconditioning typically involve?

Counterconditioning is a behavioral modification technique used to change an animal's emotional response to a stimulus that elicits fear or anxiety. This process typically involves creating positive associations with stimuli that the animal previously found frightening or aversive. For example, if a dog has a fear of loud noises, counterconditioning might include pairing the sound of thunder with something the dog enjoys, such as treats or playtime. Over time, this helps the animal develop a more positive emotional response to the previously feared stimuli, reducing their anxiety and fear.

The other options relate to different training or behavioral strategies but do not specifically define counterconditioning. Gradually exposing an animal to stressors is more characteristic of desensitization rather than counterconditioning, which focuses on altering emotional responses through positive associations. Utilizing distractions during training sessions can be helpful in managing behavior but does not address the underlying emotional responses like counterconditioning does. Encouraging competition among animals may foster certain behaviors but does not relate to changing an individual's emotional response to a stimulus.