In an experimental context, what is a variable?

In an experimental context, a variable is best described as a factor, condition, or relationship that can be changed. This flexibility is essential in an experiment, as researchers manipulate variables to observe the effects of these changes on other elements within their study. For example, in a scientific experiment, independent variables are manipulated to determine their impact on dependent variables, which are measured and analyzed.

Understanding that variables can shift allows researchers to explore relationships and draw conclusions based on empirical evidence. This is fundamental in establishing cause-and-effect relationships or identifying correlations within the data. The ability to change these factors is what enables experiments to be dynamic and for new information to be uncovered.

In contrast, fixed elements, outcomes that cannot be modified, and established theories do not represent the concept of a variable. Fixed elements refer to components of the experiment that remain constant throughout, while outcomes are typically the results from measuring the effects of the manipulated variables. Established theories provide a framework for interpretation but do not themselves change during the course of experimentation.